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The Leaning Tower of Pisa ((イタリア語:Torre pendente di Pisa)) or simply the Tower of Pisa (''Torre di Pisa'' (:ˈtorre di ˈpiːza)) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt. It is situated behind the Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in Pisa's Cathedral Square (''Piazza del Duomo'') after the Cathedral and the Baptistery. The tower's tilt began during construction, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight. The tilt increased in the decades before the structure was completed, and gradually increased until the structure was stabilized (and the tilt partially corrected) by efforts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The height of the tower is from the ground on the low side and on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is . Its weight is estimated at . The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. Prior to restoration work performed between 1990 and 2001, the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Leaning Tower of Pisa (tower, Pisa, Italy) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia )〕 but the tower now leans at about 3.99 degrees. This means that the top of the tower is displaced horizontally from the centre.〔tan(3.98 degrees) * (55.86 m + 56.70 m)/2 = 4.4 m〕 == Architect == There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For many years, the design was attributed to Guglielmo and Bonanno Pisano,〔(Controversy about the identity of the architect )〕 a well-known 12th-century resident artist of Pisa, famous for his bronze casting, particularly in the Pisa Duomo. Bonanno Pisano left Pisa in 1185 for Monreale, Sicily, only to come back and die in his home town. A piece of cast with his name was discovered at the foot of the tower in 1820, but this may be related to the bronze door in the façade of the cathedral that was destroyed in 1595. However, recent studies〔Pierotti, Piero. (2001). ''Deotisalvi – L'architetto pisano del secolo d'oro.'' Pisa: Pacini Editore〕 seem to indicate Diotisalvi as the original architect due to the time of construction and affinity with other Diotisalvi works, notably the bell tower of San Nicola and the Baptistery, both in Pisa. However, he usually signed his works and there is no signature by him in the bell tower which leads to further speculation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leaning Tower of Pisa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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